Trauma isn’t something you just “get over.” Its echoes can linger for years, reshaping how your brain works, how you feel and even how your body responds to stress. Understanding the long-term effects of trauma is the first step toward reclaiming your well-being. Read on to learn how to spot the signs of trauma and how to start healing.
How Trauma Affects the Brain Over Time
Trauma can have profound and lasting effects on the brain. When you experience a traumatic event, the brain’s stress response system is activated, releasing hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. While these hormones are often helpful for immediate survival, as they allow you to run away or fight against physical danger, ongoing exposure can lead to changes in brain structure and function. Over time, areas of the brain, such as the amygdala, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, can be affected.
The amygdala, responsible for processing emotions, may become overactive, leading to much stronger anxiety and fear responses. That’s a problem when it begins to react to things that aren’t actually a threat, such as loud noises, crowded environments or social situations.
The hippocampus, which plays a key role in memory formation, can shrink, affecting the ability to form new memories and recall past events accurately. Some people find it difficult to remember traumatic events, while others notice they become more forgetful in their everyday lives or struggle with learning and studying.
The prefrontal cortex, involved in decision-making and impulse control, may also be damaged. This change can lead to difficulties in regulating emotions and behavior. For example, you might take many more risks than you used to. You might also find yourself drinking a lot more, eating more junk food, losing yourself in unhealthy habits such as gambling or excessive gaming or using substances in a problematic way. People around you might think you’re being lazy or irresponsible, but you’re actually suffering from the long-term effects of trauma.
All these changes can contribute to the development of mental health conditions. Therefore, it’s important to address trauma early to minimize the risk of harmful long-term effects.
Common Mental Health Conditions Linked to Trauma
Trauma is a significant risk factor for several mental health conditions. Understanding these connections can help in seeking appropriate treatment and support.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, the criteria for PTSD, symptoms include reexperiencing the traumatic event through flashbacks or nightmares, avoidance of things that trigger memories of the event, negative changes in mood and even a constant feeling of stress. According to the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, 6% of people will develop PTSD at some point in their life.
- Depression. Trauma survivors are at an increased risk of developing depression. This mood disorder is characterized by persistent sadness, a noticeable loss of interest in activities and ongoing feelings of hopelessness. Depression can also manifest physically, with symptoms including fatigue and changes in appetite or sleep patterns.
- Anxiety disorders. Trauma can trigger various anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder and social anxiety disorder. These conditions involve excessive worry and fear that can interfere with daily life.
- Substance abuse. Some people turn to alcohol or drugs as a way to cope with the emotional pain of trauma. While understandable, this behavior can lead to substance abuse and addiction, further complicating mental health challenges.
- Relationship difficulties. Trauma can affect a person’s ability to form and maintain healthy relationships. Trust issues, fear of intimacy and emotional detachment are common signs of trauma that can lead to isolation and loneliness.
Emotional and Physical Symptoms of Unresolved Trauma
Unresolved trauma can show up in the form of various symptoms. Emotionally, it’s common to experience mood swings, irritability or feelings of numbness. People who have trauma might also struggle with low self-esteem or feelings of guilt and shame. There are also physical symptoms, which might be misidentified as signs of a physical illness at first.
Recognizing the following signs of trauma is the first step in seeking appropriate support. Watch out for them in yourself or your loved one so you know when to get professional help.
Emotional Signs of Trauma
- Anger outbursts over small triggers
- Feeling disconnected from others
- Persistent shame or guilt
Physical Signs of Trauma
- Unexplained aches or digestive issues
- Fatigue even after sleeping
- A weakened immune system
Strategies for Coping and Healing From the Long-Term Effects of Trauma
Healing from trauma is a journey that requires time, patience and support. Here are some strategies that can help you progress in your journey to recovery.
- Get professional help. Therapists and counselors can provide a safe space to process traumatic experiences and develop coping strategies. Cognitive behavioral therapy and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing are effective treatments for trauma-related conditions.
- Build a support network. Connecting with supportive friends, family or support groups can be extremely valuable. Sharing experiences with others who’ve been through traumatic experiences can help you understand the effects of trauma on your mind and body and show that recovery is possible.
- Practice mindfulness and relaxation techniques. Mindfulness and meditation can help you manage stress and anxiety. Deep breathing exercises can ground you in your body and help you ride out feelings of panic or being overwhelmed when confronted with a trauma trigger.
The long-term effects of trauma on mental health can be profound and far-reaching. Understanding these effects and recognizing the signs of trauma are crucial steps in promoting healing and recovery. By seeking professional help, building a support network and developing healthy coping mechanisms, you can overcome the challenges trauma presents.
Reach Out
Remember, you’re not alone on this journey. Mental Health Hotline is always here to support you in finding the professional help you need. Call us today, or visit Mental Health Hotline for more information and support.
